The Czech Philharmonic’s extraordinary and proud history reflects both its location at the very heart of Europe and the Czech Republic’s turbulent political history, for which Smetana’s Má vlast ("My Homeland") has become a potent symbol. In 1945, Chief Conductor Rafael Kubelík conducted the work as a "concert of thanks" for the newly liberated Czechoslovakia, and later chose it once again to mark Czechoslovakia’s first free elections. In November 2020, Chief Conductor and Music Director Semyon Bychkov conducted the complete cycle with the Czech Philharmonic to launch a new annual Velvet Revolution concert series and mark the 30th anniversary of this historic moment. 2022’s Velvet Revolution concert was conducted by Sir Simon Rattle, who with Magdalena Kožená, is 2022-23 Artist-in-Residence.

Throughout the Czech Philharmonic’s history, two features have remained at its core: its championing of Czech composers and its belief in music’s power to change lives. Václav Talich (Chief Conductor 1919-1941) pioneered concerts for workers, young people, and voluntary organisations as early as the 1920s. Today, alongside the Czech Philharmonic’s Youth Orchestra, Orchestral Academy, and Jiří Bělohlávek Prize for young musicians, a comprehensive education strategy engages with more than 400 schools to bring students of all ages to the Rudolfinum — some travelling as many as four hours — to hear concerts and participate in master classes. An inspirational music and song program, led by singer Ida Kelarová for the extensive Romani communities within the Czech Republic and Slovakia, has helped many socially excluded families to find a voice. In addition to an annual education exchange with the Royal Academy of Music in London, the Orchestra gave seven benefit concerts during the Covid-19 lockdown which were live streamed in 4K to international audiences, raising funds for hospitals, charities, and healthcare professionals.

An early champion of the music of Martinů and Janáček, the works of Czech composers — both established and new — remain the lifeblood of the Orchestra. Since the start of Semyon Bychkov's tenure, nine Czech composers and five international composers — Detlev Glanert, Julian Anderson, Thomas Larcher, Bryce Dessner, and Thierry Escaich — have written works to be premiered by the Orchestra; additionally, in 2014, the late Jiří Bělohlávek (Chief Conductor 2012-2017) launched an annual young composers’ competition.